Summary: In 1999 and 2000, the French Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) brought together a group of 15 experts to: i) review existing knowledge about the public health risks presented by exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds; ii) formulate recommendations for action by decision-makers. The participants' fields of expertise were chemistry, cancer biology, molecular physiology, (food, immunological, molecular, and pharmacological) toxicology, (environmental and occupational) epidemiology, and risk assessment. This project was actively supported by the Ministries of Health and of the Environment.